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The research introduces an optimised CNN approach for clustering and dynamic cluster-head selection in energy-constrained WSNs. Prim's algorithm, hybrid feature selection using BFA and PSO, and CNN optimisation are used to improve energy efficiency and network lifetime.
WSNs consist of resource-constrained sensor nodes used for environmental monitoring and real-time applications. Energy-efficient clustering and optimal cluster-head selection are important for load balancing, communication efficiency and network longevity.